The Ivory Workers of the Middle Ages


HANDBOOKS OF THE GREAT CRAFTSMEN.
Illustrated Monographs, Biographical and Critical, on the Great Craftsmen
and Workers of Ancient and Modern Times.
Edited by G. C. Williamson, Litt.D.
Imperial 16mo, with numerous Illustrations,
5s. net each.
First Volumes of the Series
THE PAVEMENT MASTERS OF SIENA.
By R. H. Hobart Cust, M.A.
PETER VISCHER.
By Cecil Headlam, B.A.
THE IVORY WORKERS OF THE MIDDLE AGES.
By A. M. Cust.
Others to follow.
LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS
NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.
THE IVORY WORKERS
OF THE
MIDDLE AGES
BY
A. M. CUST

LONDON
GEORGE BELL AND SONS
1902
CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.[Pg vii]
TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.[Pg viii]
TO MY DEAR FATHER
I DEDICATE THIS BOOK.[Pg ix]
PREFACE
This little book can do no more than humblytouch the fringe of a large subject; but if it leads the reader to afurther study of this beautiful craft, it will have amply fulfilledits duty.
I must express my deep obligation to themagnificent volume on ivories by M. Emile Molinier, whose masterlyarrangement of a very fragmentary and scattered subject is a model oflucidity; and also to Dr. Hans Graeven, whose scholarly researchesand excellent photographs are indispensable for a real study of thecraft.
December, 1901.[Pg x]
CONTENTS
PAGE | |||
List of Illustrations | xiii | ||
Bibliography | xvii | ||
CHAPTER I. | |||
Consular and other Secular Diptychs | 1 | ||
CHAPTER II. | |||
Latin and Byzantine Ivories | 37 | ||
I. | Latin and Latino-Byzantine and | ||
the Early Byzantine Ivories | 37 | ||
II. | Byzantine Caskets | 75 | |
III. | The Byzantine Renaissance | 84 | |
CHAPTER III. | |||
Lombardic, Anglo-Saxon, Carlovingian | |||
and German Ivories | 96 | ||
I. | Lombard Ivory Carvings | 96 | |
II. | Anglo-Saxon Ivory Carvings | 99 | |
III. | The Carlovingian Renaissance | 106 | |
IV. | German Ivory Carving in the time | ||
of the Ottos | 118 [Pg xii] | ||
CHAPTER IV. | |||
Romanesque and Gothic Ivories | 129 | ||
List of Diptychs | 157 | ||
List of Places where Important Examples | |||
of Ivories can be found | 165 | ||
Index | 167 |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG. | PAGE | |
1. | An Angel. Leaf of a Diptych. | |
Fifth century. Byzantine | ||
British Museum, London | Frontispiece | |
2. | Second Leaf of the Diptych of Probianus, | |
Vice-Prefect of Rome. End of fourth century | ||
Berlin Library | 8 | |
3. | First Leaf of the Diptych of Probus, | |
Consul at Rome, 406 A.D. | ||
Duomo, Aosta | 9 | |
4. | First Leaf of the Diptych of Orestes, | |
Consul at Rome, 530 A.D. | ||
Victoria and Albert Museum, London | 14 | |
5. | Leaf of the Diptych of Amalasuntha(?) | |
Sixth Century. Italian | ||
Bargello, Florence | 30 | |
6. | Adam in the Terrestrial Paradise, and Scenes | |
from the Life of St. Paul. | ||
Leaves of a Diptych. Fifth century. Italian | ||
Bargello, Florence | 41 | |
7 & 8. | Two Plaques, The Crucifixion and Christ leaving | |
the Prætorium. | ||
Fifth century. Italian | ||
British Museum | 46, 47 | |
9. | Pyx with the Scene of Christ healing the Paralytic. | |
Sixth century. Italo-Byzantine | ||
Musée de Cluny, Paris | 51 | |
10. | Cover of a Book of the Gospels | |
(from S. Michele di Murano). Sixth century. Italo-Byzantine | ||
Ravenna Museum | 53 | |
11. | Cover of a Book of the Gospels, with three scenes from | |
the |




